The largest impact on reducing GHG emissions was achieved via land use change into forestry. Both enterprises had targeted increased areas of forestry planting on their sheep & beef farms. Both enterprises also have an issue in that they have large areas of pre1990 production forest, which cannot be claimed as an offset.
The horticultural enterprise considered (chestnuts) had a negative impact on GHG emissions and a positive inpact on profit levels, albeit restricted to the relatively-small size of the proposed plantings; 10 and 40ha respectively.